Representational Approaches Matter

This paper raises the question of how ethical issues arising out of social inequities involving international business in developing countries can be represented, and articulates a conceptual framework that identifies and maps four different approaches to representing or making sense of such issues. A fieldwork-based case study on the child labor issue in Pakistan’s soccer ball industry illustrates the argument that representational practices do matter, and that when representational approaches go awry, they end up savaging the well-being of the poor in the developing world. Farzad Rafi Khan holds a Ph.D. in Management from McGill University. He is currently an Assistant Professor at the Suleman Dawood School of Business, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Pakistan.     

我国金融开放进程中应对国际游资冲击的思考

本文首先阐述了国际游资的特征,同时分析了游资的货币性攻击方式新变化,并针对这种全新的货币攻击,提出了一些防御对策与建议。     

SMEs and CSR: An Approach to CSR in their Own Words

The academic literature reveals the need to undertake more in-depth field studies in order to discover the organisational culture, the difficulties and the perceptions surrounding CSR in SMEs. This study presents the results of analysis of four case studies on Catalan companies that stand out for their social and environmental practices. The conclusions of this paper are the result of dialogue with the main actors – four medium-sized companies – focusing on their actions, understandings and resistance with regard to CSR. The methodological perspective used was Grounded Theory, with the aim of the study being to contribute towards formalising CSR in SMEs, in their daily practices, by analysing some primary data. The results obtained show how difficult it is for SMEs to understand CSR, beyond the explanation of the specific practices carried out by the companies. They highlight the role played by the values of the founding director in the implementation of CSR programmes; they reveal that SMEs still have a long way to go towards learning how to inform both internal and external stakeholders of their best practices, and; finally, they show the interesting links that SMEs establish between responsible practices, improved competitiveness and economic results. Finally, the text points out the implications that the results of this analysis may have on creating ways of promoting CSR in SMEs. We believe that, in light of the opinions expressed by the companies, public organisations should try to concentrate on creating a favourable framework for responsible competitiveness, as a way to deal with CSR when addressing SMEs.David Murillo is a Researcher at the Institute for the Individual, Corporations and Society (IPES), ESADE Business School, Universitat Ramon Llull and Academic Assistant at the same institution. He is the current coordinator of the SMEs and CSR research field at IPES. He holds a degree in Business Administration, a degree in Human Studies and a diploma in Sociology. He is currently pursuing his PhD in SME CSR.Josep M. Lozano is currently a Professor in the Department of Social Sciences at ESADE, Universitat Ramon Llull and Director of the school’s Institute for the Individual, Corporations and Society (IPES). Co-founder of ética, Economía y Dirección (Spanish branch of the European Business Ethics Network), member of the international Editorial Board of ‘Ethical Perspectives’ and member of the Business Ethics Inter-faculty group of the Community of European Management Schools (CEMS). He has been a highly commended runner-up in the European division of the Beyond Grey Pinstripes Faculty Pioneer Award. Author of Ethics and Organizations. Understanding Business Ethics as a Learning Process. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2000.     

Theoretical Foundations of an International Entrepreneurial Culture

The seeming absence of theoretical foundations in the international entrepreneurship (IE) field significantly accounts for the fragmentation of research in the area. We seek to address this deficiency through an exploration of the IE concept in the overall context in which it is embedded, namely organizational culture. We develop and discuss a conceptual framework of an International Entrepreneurial Culture, which consists of six interrelated dimensions: international market orientation, international learning orientation, international innovation propensity, international risk attitude, international networking orientation, and international motivation.     

提升我国蜂业国际竞争力的补贴政策问题分析

随着2002年欧盟对我国蜂产品实行禁运,被快速发展表象掩盖的我国蜂业国际竞争力劣势凸现,政府行为的缺失是造成这种现象发生的主要原因之一。借鉴国外经验,建立完善的补贴机制,对提高我国蜂业的国际竞争力有着不可或缺的重要作用。因此,在我国财力许可的范围内,建立健全补贴机制是提升我国蜂业国际竞争力的当务之急。     

Qualitative Insights into the International New Venture Creation Process

This paper adopts a qualitative approach to uncover the experiences of founders of international new ventures or born global firms. The data which are based on in-depth interviews, focus on the major characters, events and surrounding conditions from the time the firm is conceived until it becomes involved with foreign markets. From these data, the major elements contributing to the creation of an international new venture are identified.     

R&;D,International Trade and Creative Destruction—Empirical Findings from Finnish Manufacturing Industries*

The determinants of productivity-enhancing micro-level restructuring are examined empirically with a panel of the twelve Finnish manufacturing industries. It is hypothesized that R&D leads to productivity diversity among plants, which in turn leads to the gradual reshuffling of input shares in the presence of dynamic competitive pressure. The effect of the creative destruction on industry productivity growth is measured with the between-component of productivity decomposition. Econometric results indicate with reasonable robustness that R&D generates creative destruction with a lag of several years. Some evidence is found that imports stimulate productivity-enhancing restructuring, especially when domestic R&D is low.JEL classification: O12, 014, 019, O31, O47*This paper is based on the chapter 8 of my PhD thesis which has been accepted by the Helsinki School of Economics (2003). The research has received financial support from Tekes (the National Technology Agency), and from the Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation. This paper has benefited from comments by Petri Böckerman, Pekka Ilmakunnas, Kabor Kezdi, and Petri Rouvinen, to whom I am grateful. I am also thankful to the referees for helpful comments. Lisa Roponen has checked my English. An earlier version of this paper has been presented at the EARIE 2002 conference in Madrid and at the Summer at CEU Workshop in Budapest in 2003. Data work and computations have been carried out at Statistics Finland, in accordance with the terms and conditions of confidentiality. I also wish to thank many individuals at Statistics Finland for their guidance regarding the properties of the data. Please contact the Research Laboratory of the Business Structures Unit, Statistics Finland, FIN-00022, Finland, for access to these data. The usual disclaimer applies.     

货币政策的国际溢出效应与国际协调研究进展

随着世界各国经济活动关联程度的不断增强,一国货币政策变动对其他国家经济社会发展的影响越来越显著,国家间的货币政策协调也愈加重要。在此背景下,有关货币政策国际溢出效应的研究日益丰富,货币政策的国际协调也逐渐受到关注。本文对货币政策国际溢出效应及国际协调领域的现有文献进行回顾和展望。从货币政策国际溢出效应研究的发展历程来看,1990年以前相关研究主要基于开放条件下的宏观经济模型及博弈论等进行理论探讨,1990年至2000年多数研究开始借助动态随机一般均衡模型和经济计量模型探究货币政策国际溢出效应的传导机制和渠道,2000年以后越来越多的研究将理论应用于对现实经济问题的解释,其中以探讨中心国家货币政策的国际溢出效应为主。从货币政策国际溢出效应的研究方法来看,相关研究大多通过控制货币政策的内生变化来获取货币政策的外生冲击,主流研究方法也逐渐从基于MFD模型的纯理论分析转向基于VAR系列模型的实证分析和具有一致性框架的DSGE模型分析。从货币政策国际溢出效应的传导渠道来看,早期文献大多认为汇率和贸易是主要渠道,随着全球经济金融一体化的推进,金融渠道的作用日益凸显,且比汇率渠道和贸易渠道传导更加迅速、后果更为严重,并逐渐成为近些年研究的重点。由于货币政策的国际协调在实践中存在一定难度以及经济下行压力较大下的货币政策调整空间较小,目前关于货币政策国际协调的研究相对较少,而且相关研究的观点并不统一。大部分学者认为随着世界经济联动趋势的不断增强,货币政策国际协调是必然趋势并有利于各国经济发展,而部分学者认为政策协调需要花费大量的时间和政治成本,货币政策的国际协调应慎重。现有研究已经取得丰硕成果,但仍需进一步深化和拓展：一是大多数文献仅考察中心国家货币政策对外围国家（新兴经济体）的单向溢出效应,有必要进一步考察货币政策的双向国际溢出效应;二是关于金融渠道的研究还不够完善,尤其是对货币政策不确定性冲击、全球金融风险传递等的研究较少,相关研究需要深化;三是关于货币政策国际协调的研究较少且观点不统一,尤其是对政策协调的有效路径缺乏系统研究,相关研究有待加强。中国学者应加强该领域的研究,尤其要在中国货币政策的国际溢出效应及其传导渠道、应对国外货币政策溢出效应的有效政策工具、促进货币政策的国际协调等方面取得突破。     

中美高新技术产业全球价值链分工地位和竞争力研究

通过测算中美高新技术产业双边贸易规模及结构,探讨两国高新技术产业全球价值链分工地位与竞争力。研究结果表明：中国高新技术产业依附于全球价值链的加工和装配等低端环节,整体竞争力低于美国,但近年来有向价值链上游攀升的趋势;美国高新技术产业主导着全球价值链的研发和设计等高端环节。因此,应当继续提升自主创新能力,推进高水平对外开放,搭建国际技术交流平台,完善高新技术产业发展政策,助推中国高新技术产业实现价值链升级。     

省域经济双循环的结构演变及其增长效应——基于IRIOT-MRIO表的双元四循环分解

作为国家的一个地区,省域的经济循环存在省域内、国家和全球三层地理边界,仅进行国内循环和国际循环的分解不能很好地反映其与国内其他省域之间的经济联系,因而有必要对省域经济循环进行更细致的结构分解,然而现有文献对此缺乏研究。本文在国内国际双循环的基础上,根据是否有其他省域参与循环引入单省域多省域双循环,进而对省域经济进行双元四循环的结构分解：单省域参与的国内循环为省内循环,多省域参与的国内循环为省际循环,单省域参与的国际循环为简单国际循环,多省域参与的国际循环为复杂国际循环。基于此,通过构建MRIO-IRIOT表测算出2012、2015、2017年30个样本省域16个行业4种经济循环的产出,用各经济循环的强度（产出占比）来刻画循环结构,并对省域不同行业的循环强度按产值进行加权平均得到各省域各经济循环强度,结果显示：样本期间各省域经济的循环结构存在显著差异,并具有不同的演变趋势;总体上看,循环强度从高到低依次为省内循环、省际循环、复杂国际循环、简单国际循环,呈现出“国内循环为主、国际循环为辅”的发展格局,并具有“国内循环增强、国际循环减弱”的发展态势。进一步考察行业层面的4种经济循环强度变化对行业总产出增长的影响,分析发现：2012年后,4种经济循环对经济增长的贡献从大到小依次为省际循环、复杂国际循环、省内循环、简单国际循环,表明循环结构沿着“以国内大循环为主体”的方向演进,并具有“多省域循环增强、单省域循环减弱,省际循环增强、简单国际循环减弱”的优化趋势;省际循环与复杂国际循环相互强化的效应显著,因而加强地区间的经济联系是推动“国内国际双循环相互促进”的有效路径之一。相比已有文献,本文对省域经济的双元四循环分解拓展和深化了双循环结构的量化分析,从动态角度研究循环结构变化对产出增长的影响有助于深入认识不同循环在经济发展中所起的作用,对国内循环与国际循环相互作用的检验则有利于探求国内国际双循环相互促进的有效路径。本文研究表明,“以国内大循环为主体”的发展格局已基本形成,但还需要进一步强化省际循环,“国内国际双循环相互促进”的实现也需要加强地区间的经济交流和合作。因此,要加快建设全国统一大市场,以地区联动的国内循环质量提升促进国际循环结构升级,进而构建更高层次更高水平的新发展格局。